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Caustic Soda is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH2O. The monohydrate NaOH·H2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound.
Applications
In water treatment plants for pH regulation.
In the manufacture of sodium salts and detergents, pH regulation, and organic synthesis. In bulk, it is most often handled as an aqueous solution, since solutions are cheaper and easier to handle.
In the petroleum industry, caustic soda is used as an additive in drilling mud to increase alkalinity in bentonite mud systems, to increase the mud viscosity, and to neutralize any acid gas (such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) which may be encountered in the geological formation as drilling progresses.
In Salt spray testing where pH needs to be regulated. Caustic soda is used with hydrochloric acid to balance pH. The resultant salt, NaCl, is the corrosive agent used in the standard neutral pH salt spray test.
In making soaps and detergents. Sodium hydroxide is used for hard bar soap
In the manufacture of paper. Around 56% of caustic soda produced is used by industry, 25% of which is used in the paper industry .
In purifying bauxite ore from which aluminium metal is extracted. This is known as Bayer process (see dissolving amphoteric metals and compounds).
In de-greasing metals, oil refining, and making dyes and bleaches.
Caustic Soda is a highly corrosive base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates NaOH·nH2O. The monohydrate NaOH·H2O crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound.
Applications
In water treatment plants for pH regulation.
In the manufacture of sodium salts and detergents, pH regulation, and organic synthesis. In bulk, it is most often handled as an aqueous solution, since solutions are cheaper and easier to handle.
In the petroleum industry, caustic soda is used as an additive in drilling mud to increase alkalinity in bentonite mud systems, to increase the mud viscosity, and to neutralize any acid gas (such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide) which may be encountered in the geological formation as drilling progresses.
In Salt spray testing where pH needs to be regulated. Caustic soda is used with hydrochloric acid to balance pH. The resultant salt, NaCl, is the corrosive agent used in the standard neutral pH salt spray test.
In making soaps and detergents. Sodium hydroxide is used for hard bar soap
In the manufacture of paper. Around 56% of caustic soda produced is used by industry, 25% of which is used in the paper industry .
In purifying bauxite ore from which aluminium metal is extracted. This is known as Bayer process (see dissolving amphoteric metals and compounds).
In de-greasing metals, oil refining, and making dyes and bleaches.
